The paper presents a complete information model of bidding in second price sealed-bid and ascending-bid (English) auctions. in which potential buyers know the unit valuation of other bidders and may spitefully prefer that their rivals earn a lower surplus. Bidders with spiteful preferences should overbid in equilibrium when they know their rival has a higher value than their own. and ... https://midwaysportes.shop/product-category/football-cleats/