These controversies regarding the relationships amongst citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs could be due to the ways that OCBs are measured. Inside the literature, OCBs have normally been outlined as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.2). Other-rated measurements are unable to discover the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4